CSIR through Human Resource Development Group (HRDG) gives research fellowship to the bright Indian young minds to carry out their research in various CSIR listed Labs, University, institutes in the field of Science and technology. To identify the bright minds CSIR conducts the National Eligibility Test (NET) for candidates holding M.Sc or equivalent degree, every two time in a year (in June and December). Once selected you get CSIR Junior Research fellowship (JRF), presently Rs 12000 per month for first two years and Rs 14000 per month from the third year, the total term as JRF plus SRF will not go beyond five years.

CSIR conducts test for five streams Chemical science, Life science, Earth science, Mathematical science and Physical Science and consisting of two papers. Paper I is objective type to evaluate knowledge of science, skill of scientific and quantitative reasoning, creativity, analytical ability and research aptitude of a candidate. Paper II is to judge your knowledge through short descriptive answer in your subject.

Need of Study materials

Strictly speaking when you are preparing for CSIR life science section there is no need to cross check the syllabus, it includes every possible topics in life sciences, from biochemistry to microbiology, from botany to zoology, from atom to molecule. So before starting your preparation for CSIR make sure you have all the study materials. If you are not a Botany or Zoology student then you have to go through these subjects but it is not possible to read all the topics in this subject so you have to collect materials which cover the entire subject in simpler version.

As you know apart from your main subject you have to also know the basics of chemistry, physics, math, earth science because without covering these, clearing the first paper is a difficult task and your second paper would not be evaluated unless you have cleared your first paper. Hence you should check the source where to get such materials. Just reading the topics alone would not give you the confidence to face the exam, you need to practice N numbers of model question papers and also work out previous years question papers. This helps you to control the time and also give you the coolness to answer correct question under the time pressure. So you have to collect model question papers and old question papers before giving the exam.

Even you are smart and intelligent in your subject without proper study material, revision you will scratch your head in the exam hall. And one should not think much about spending money to collect such instant materials instead of writing 10 times.

With Regards
Uday Gopi Kumar

To collect your CSIR NET JRF study material you might want to visit http://www.csir4u.blogspot.com.

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In the internet we can find various resources dedicated to learning. But since the information remain disorganized, finding those resources even with the power Search Engine giants like Google becomes a difficult task. There are thousands of books and guides, tutorials and blogs. However, whether they contain casual information or personal thoughts or educational valued information cannot be predicted. Nowadays, education can be availed online, and of course you can learn both formally and informally. For a formal online education, you can do this by signing up for an online course offered by various universities.

These online course, are as usual as offline courses, been taught by professors in their respective fields. You will get access to lectures in the field you have chosen ranging from Engineering, Science and Technology, Health etc., You can also opt for levels ranging from certificate courses to Masters and obviously these are paid services.

However, recently top universities have started offering their courses online for free. This means anybody whether a housewife or aged parent can sign-up for those courses for free. There is no restriction of eligibility or a time-table to study. You can learn at your own pace and of course at your convenient times. Only thing required is an inquisitive to learn and accessibility to Internet Service.All human beings are endowed with capabilities to learn, improve and progress.The basic concept behind these educational offerings is that educational opportunity is a mechanism to attain that capacity.

OpenCourseWare is a free and open digital publication of high quality education materials. These materials are organised as courses. Some universities term it as OpenLearningInitiative. OpenCourseWare Consortium was established which has collaborated with more than 200 universities around the world, creating a broad educational content.Open and Free courses are freely available online courses and course materials that enact instruction for an entire course in an online format. Some of the Top-notch universities that are offering such free online education.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Open Course Ware (OCW) – MIT

Utah State Open Course Ware (OCW) – USU

Carnegie Mellon University Open Learning Initiative (OLI)

Apart from these universities, Open Educational Resources (OER) which are not affiliated to any of the above educational institutions have also taken the initiative to link teaching and learning resources to you. One such OER is oercommons. They offer new way to engage with learning content.

Conclusion

Whether it is an OCW or OLI course or something provided by OER, they do not offer a formal certification after passing the tests at the end of each course, you have joined. You will not earn credits either. Practically, you will be spending hours of your precious time studying these freely offered online courses, just to note an increased Internet Bills. But possibly, you have learnt something which interested you and which you were not able to learn before. Though there is a lot of criticisms about these Free Online Courses, I would like to end it up saying that the time you spent to learn is more better than wasting your time at game parlors or some leisurely places. So, give a tryout to these free online courses and you have enormous topics to learn and you can learn plenty.

Indusekar, the author of this Article is an aspiring Affiliate Marketer from Chennai, India. Visit the Reviews of Top 30 CPA Affiliate Networks Affiliate Networks and Affiliate Programs Directory

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In India, there are countless number of leading universities, such as IITs, Private Institutes, State Level Engineering Colleges and Regional Engineering Colleges that are engaged in making the career of future computer and IT engineers.

The demand of Indian Computer Science and IT Professionals is increasing day by day on a worldwide level. That’s why in a current scenario becoming a computer science and IT professional is a dream of many a young youth of India.

There is a broad spectrum of computer training comes under the study of computer science and information technology. When it comes to finding computer science schools, anyone has to go through a deep research that sometimes open different choices to the users. Computer courses can offer high-tech training for professional certification and several levels of college degrees in computer technology and computer science. It is completely up to you whatever you decide.

The main purpose of computers and IT colleges and institutes in India is to design programmes in a way that can prepare future network engineers, programmers, computer technicians and others for professional employment in the computer sciences field. A huge range of computer technology is covered under the study of computer sciences, so anyone should think think about his/her ultimate goal before enrolling himself/herself in any computer science courses.

If you are one of them who are looking for professional certification in one area of computers and information technology, you can find a number of colleges and institutes in India that provide computers and IT education. Among them, there are some institutes that demand for previous experience or training in computers and information technology. There are also some colleges that allow you to start from scratch.

If you are one of them who always seek for getting an advanced position in computer networking or information technology, you will have to find complete information about all college degrees in computer science. Some highly respected degrees of this field are Master of Science Degrees (MS),Bachelor of Science Degrees (BS) and Associate of Science Degrees (AS). The terminal degree of this filed is Doctorate of Science in Computer Science offered by renowned and widely-known universities in India. The higher degree you have, the more salary will come into your hand.

You can also include some business courses along with your computer and information technology education, if you are thinking to pursue your career in management, office administration or business technology.

There are a huge number of widely-renowned computers and IT colleges and institutes in India offering excellent computer science and information technology education required to be a computer and IT professional. You can get this education by enrolling yourself in any of the top colleges and institutes. These colleges and institutes help you to earn a diploma or a degree course according to you potential and skills by practicing them as professional.

Some colleges that offer excellent and specialized computer science and information technology courses and fellow programs are Amrita Institute of Computer Technology, Bankatlal Badruka College for Information Technology, Academy of Computer Technology, B.I.I.T. Heights Institute of Information and Technology, Baba Saheb Ambedkar Technical Educational Society, Alakananda Computer Training Centre, Department of Computer Science, Godavari Institute of Information Technology, etc. Some other institutes are A.J. College of Science and Technology, Axis College of Economics and Commerce, Academy of Computer Studies, Allahabad Agricultural Institute Deemed University, Banaras Hindu University, etc.

Shefali Roy is a webmaster of latestt.com. Here u can get the information related to career options and computers and IT colleges in India. For more details visit latestt.com

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INTRODUCTION

“If human values take root in the educational system, the emerging individuals will have the following attributes:

They will want peace & justice in a world that acknowledges the rule of law and in which no nation or individual need live in fear;

Freedom and self reliance to be available to all;

The dignity & work of every person to be recognized & safeguarded;

All people to be given an opportunity to achieve their best in life; and

They will seek equality before the law and the equality of opportunity for all”.

Sathya Sai

Now we are living in the Modern, Scientific and Technological world. Science and Technology have brought enormous changes in the society. The attitudes of the people are also changes in the day to day life of human beings.

Man is a unique creation in this universe that under certain parameters is free to make his own destiny. Now, if man has to make his destiny, the question of values in life comes up. He has to think naturally as to what should be the guiding norms of life process. It is therefore clear that the guiding factors for man, which provide the prime motivating force behind his thought, emotion and action, have to be moral and spiritual. The socio-cultural and spiritual life of man has to bring peace, progress and welfare for both the individual and the society. This is precisely the reason why the modern society is worried about the deterioration of values.

Having diagnosed the present problem, we have to find the remedy for this situation before there is further deterioration of values in the wider interest of the mankind. With the help of Science (Exhibitions) and Technology (Print & Electronic Media and Mass Media) including social awareness programmes we can inculcate the values in the people.

IMPORTANCE OF VALUES

In today’s multi-cultural and multi-racial society, with its changing social norms and expectations, it can be difficult for a young person to know what is right. To enable young people to appreciate themselves and others, and to take greater responsibility for their actions and for the world around them. Sri Sugunendra Tirtha Swamiji of Puthige Math has said that it is necessary to give importance to human values in the present era of globalization.

CLASSIFICATION OF VALUES

In generally, values may be classified as;

Ø      Personal Values

Ø      Social Values

Ø      Moral Values

Ø      Spiritual Values and

Ø      Behavioural values.

All these values are necessary for all types of persons in the society.

INCULCATION OF VALUES THROUGH EDUCATION

Thinking with love is truth
Feeling with love is peace
Acting with love is right conduct
Understanding with love is non-violence
-Sathya Sai

According the Sathya Sai Baba the following five values are necessary for students.

v     Right Conduct

v     Peace

v     Truth

v     Love

v     Non-Violence

These values are specific because they are in line with a human being’s make up. They are also heavily interrelated (e.g. right conduct is action with love and according to conscience).These five values are inter-related and inherent in human beings, raising them above the level of the animal kingdom.

Right Conduct

Information is received through the five senses i.e. smell, taste sight, touch and hearing. When this information is referred to the conscience, the resulting action will be beneficial. Every action is preceded by thought. If the thought is consciously seen and noted, aims to help and is unselfish, the action will be good for oneself and others. If our mind is busy, or we are daydreaming, the action may be useless, clumsy or harmful to ourselves or others.

Right conduct is also concerned with how we look after and use our bodies. The body needs to careful maintenance to be strong, healthy and well co-coordinated to serve us in performing the tasks of life. Students need to understand the importance of exercise, such as gymnastics, yoga and sports combined with good rest. Good thoughts and good company (which includes everything imbibed by the five senses) are essential for healthy and well balanced development. Right conduct is taught through: Silent Sitting, Story telling and Group Activities.

Values Relate to Right Conduct

Self-help Skills

·        Care of Possessions

·        Diet

·        Hygiene

·        Modesty

·        Posture

·        Self-reliance

·        Tidy appearance

Social Skills

·        Good behaviour

·        Good manners

·        Good relationships

·        Helpfulness

·        Not wasting

Ethical Skills

·        Code of conduct

·        Courage

·        Dependability

·        Duty

·        Efficiency

·        Ingenuity

·        Initiative

·        Perseverance

·        Punctuality

·        Resourcefulness

·        Respect for all

·        Responsibility

Peace
We smile when we are happy and contented. Contentment is gained when we cease to want for us all the apparent ‘good’ things conveyed to us through our five senses. When our willpower is sufficiently strong to enable us to discern the difference between real needs and superfluous desires, we cease to be driven by the urge to own more and more things.

Inner agitation stops and we are left feeling peaceful. When there is peace in the individual, there will be peace in the family. When there is peace in the family, there will be peace in the community. In order to learn, self-esteem, calmness and freedom from anxiety are necessary.

These qualities are fostered by two of the Programmes components, namely silent sitting and the self-reflective exercises in some of the group activity sessions.

Values Related to Peace

Ø      Attention

Ø      Calm

Ø      Concentration

Ø      Contentment

Ø      Dignity

Ø      Discipline

Ø      Equality

Ø      Equanimity

Ø      Faithfulness

Ø      Focus

Ø      Gratitude

Ø      Happiness

Ø      Harmony

Ø      Humility

Ø      Inner silence

Ø      Optimism

Ø      Reflection

Ø      Satisfaction

Ø      self-acceptance

Ø      Self-confidence

Ø      Self-control

Ø      Self-discipline

Ø      Self-esteem

Ø      Self-respect

Ø      Sense control

Ø      Surrender

Ø      Understanding

Ø      Virtue

Truth

The desire to know truth has prompted mankind to ask some of the great questions such as: Who am I? What is the purpose of life? How can I know my inner self/ God/ the Creator of the universe? How can I live fully in the present moment?

Learning to speak the truth is a first and vital step in the formation of a strong character. Voicing an untruth is an anti-social act and causes confusion in the mind of both the speaker and listener and leads to anti-social behaviour. Telling lies hurts us as well as others in a subtle, but very real way.

One great distinction between humankind and the rest of the animal kingdom is the ability to choose how to behave, rather than just to follow the lower instincts (the law of the jungle). A human being is also able to recognize past, present and future and to take note of changes occurring over time.

A quotation used in the lesson to stimulate thought and questions may later come to mind to provide guidance and choice in a life situation. Short Term Pain for Long Term Gain: Choosing to refer to this higher level of awareness and to consciously exercise moderation in our behaviour leads to better health and greater contentment. The value of truth can also be taught through story telling which promotes curiosity, optimism, fairness to all and noble ideals. It also aids the understanding of the value of honest speech and self-analysis.

Values Related to Truth

o       Accuracy

o       Curiosity

o       Discernment

o       Fairness

o       Fearlessness

o       Honesty

o       Integrity

o       Intuition

o       Justice

o       Optimism

o       Purity

o       Quest for knowledge

o       Reason

o       Self Analysis

o       Self Awareness

o       Sincerity

o       Spirit of enquiry

o       Synthesis

o       Trust

o       Truthfulness

o       Determination

o       Unity of thought

o       Word and deed

Love

Love is not an emotion, affected by the sub-conscious mind, but is a spontaneous, pure reaction from the heart.

It is the power of love which causes one person to wish happiness for another and take pleasure in their well-being. A beneficial energy (love) is directed towards the other person. As this energy flows through our own body first, it also enhances our own health.

It is the power of love which causes one person to wish happiness for another and take pleasure in their well-being. A beneficial energy (love) is directed towards the other person. As this energy flows through our own body first, it also enhances our own health. Love is unconditional, positive regard for the good of another. It is giving and unselfish. Love is essential if children are to grow up healthy in mind and body. Love is the unseen undercurrent binding all the four values.

When the mind is turned away from selfishness, the ‘heart’ opens, and love flows. Love is energy, not an emotion, and is inherent in every breath. It is the motive force of the physical body and is enhanced through breathing exercises. The component of group singing in the Programme promotes harmony, co-operation and joyfulness. In singing a child may experience the sweetness of love. Love may also be fostered through story telling and activities which provide young people with the opportunity to care for other people, animals, plants and objects.

Values Related to Love

§         Acceptance

§         Affection

§         Care

§         Compassions

§         Consideration

§         Dedication

§         Devotion

§         Empathy

§         Forgiveness

§         Friendship

§         Generosity

§         Gentleness

§         Humanness

§         Interdependence

§         Kindness

§         Patience

§         Patriotism

§         Reverence

§         Sacrifice

§         Selflessness

§         Service sharing

§         Sympathy

§         Thoughtfulness

§         Tolerance

§         Trust

Non-Violence

For the non-violent person, the whole world is his family When the former four values are practiced (i.e. the conscious mind is keenly aware, love is flowing, there is peace and actions are right) life is lived without harming or violating anything else. It is the highest achievement of human living encompassing respect for all life -living in harmony with nature, not hurting by thought, word or deed.

Non-violence can be described as universal love. When truth is glimpsed through intuition, love is activated. Love is giving, rather than grasping and in allowing our stream of desires to subside, inner peace develops and right conduct is practiced. This results in nonviolence i.e. the non-violation of the natural laws which create harmony with the environment.

Non-violence is taught through quotations, story telling and group activities. True knowledge is that which establishes harmony and synthesis between science on the one hand and spirituality and ethics on the other.

Values Related to Non-Violence

Psychological:

v     Benevolence

v     Compassion

v     Concern for others

v     Consideration

v     Forbearance

v     Forgiveness

v     Good Manners

v     Happiness

v     Loyalty

v     Morality

v     Universal Love

Social:

v     Appreciation of other cultures & religions

v     Bother/Sisterhood

v     Care of Environment

v     Citizenship

v     Equality

v     Harmlessness

v     National Awareness

v     Perseverance

v     Respect for Property

v     Social Justice

Spiritual knowledge is also very importance for students and people in the society. Living in a way which causes as little harm as possible to oneself, other people, animals, plants and the planet, is a sign of a well-integrated, well-balanced personality. Such a person is well tuned to the spiritual aspect of humanity and is in touch with an inner happiness which is permanent and part of one’s real nature.

It is through our universal or spiritual aspect that we may experience:

Ø      A feeling of awe and wonder for the universe

Ø      A feeling of the unity of all

Ø      The desire to improve the quality of life for everyone

Ø      A sense of being part of a larger whole

Ø      A feeling of oneness of the planet and love for everything on it

Ø      An awareness of an underlying order to Creation

Ø      Love and respect for the diversity of the human family

Learning takes place through lesson plans based on practical, meaningful and fun activities using the five components of:

* Stories – about life, identity & relationships;

* Quotations, poems and prayers;

* Songs and music;

* Silent sitting – exercises leading to inner calm and peace;

* Activities e.g. drama, discussion, games, role play, community service, etc.

In working through the lessons that comprise these components, the importance of the triple partnership (Student, Teacher and Parents) for education becomes apparent:

·         Teachers will inspire children in their schools, if they are value conscious adults

·         Parents’ example affects the conduct of their children, and

·         Children when reaching a certain age need self-discipline to balance their generally natural exuberance.

CONCLUSIONS

According to our Indian tradition and culture teacher is the third God. He has a pivotal role in the process of teaching and learning. He is a guide, philosopher, mother, father, god, architecture and model. Education is the solution for all types of problems. With the help of education we can solve any types of problems in the society. Through education it is easy to inculcate values in the students and in the people. Without human values we can’t survive in the world in the peaceful manner and we can’t enjoy life. So give importance for human values.

Reference:

1.      Value Education, Dr. Venkataiah, Editor, APH Publishing Corporation, 5, Ansari Road, Daryaganji, New Delhi – 110 002, First Edition, 1998.

2.      Value Education in India, Usha Rai Negi, Editor, Published by association of Indian Universities, AIU House, 16 Kotla Mark, New Delhi – 110 002, 2000.

3.      National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2000). The National Reading Panel: Reports of the Subgroups.

4.      www.sathyasaiehv.org.uk/

About the Author

Naraginti Amareswar reddy Father Name: N.M.Reddy Sex: Male Date of Birth: 10th Fed 1981 Ed Qua: M.Sc., M.Ed., research scholar in the dept. of education, sri venkateswara university, tirupati, india. e-mail ID: amareswaran@gmail.com

We have laid much emphasis on the development of science and technology as a major instrument for achieving national goals of self-reliance and socioeconomic progress. The Scientific Policy Resolution adopted by our Parliament on March 4, 1958 laid stress on Government responsibility to secure for the people, the benefits from acquisition of scientific knowledge and practical application of research. The policy of the Government, is to encourage individuals and collective initiative for dissemination of knowledge and faster programmed to train scientific personnel to fulfill country’s needs in the diverse fields of agriculture, industry defense, education, space, information technology oceanography etc.

The contributions in scientific and technological research have induced a phenomenal transformation in Indian agriculture from subsistence level into commercial farming. India occupies a premier position amongst the oilseed producing countries of the world. Research efforts have been intensified to bring out crop varieties tolerant to drought conditions, resistant to pests and diseased and responsive to the use of agriculture, its capacity to withstand droughts and natural calamities and the near attainment of the goal of food self sufficiency by the country are the tributes to the untiring efforts of the agricultural scientists as well as millions of farmers with progressing thought.

Over the years, a strong science and technology infrastructure base has been established in our country. This covers a chain of national laboratories, specialized centers, various research and development and academic institutions training centers, etc., which continuously provide expertise, technically trained man power and technological support to industry. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research with its network of laboratories and research institutions is a major instrument of scientific and industrial research under state auspices and supports research in universities and other centers of learning.

Telecommunications is a critical part of infrastructure and one that is becoming important, given the trend of globalization and the shift to a knowledge based economy. Until 1994, telecommunication services under government monopoly made tardy progress. Although telecommunication expanded fairly rapidly, under this arrangement, it was recognized that capacities must expand much more rapidly and competition also be introduced to improve the quality of services and encourage induction of new technology. Telecommunication has become especially important in recent years because of the enormous growth of information technology and its potential impact on rest of the economy. India is perceived to have a special comparative advantage in information technology or in IT enabled services, both of which depend critically on high quality. Telecommunication has also become extremely important for a wide range of rural activities and this importance will only increase as the process of diversification of rural economic opportunities gains momentum. Universal service obligation must therefore, be insisted upon for all providers of telecom services.

India has joined a select club of six advanced countries with the Pune based Center for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC) developing the country’s first super compute “Param”. The indigenous built 64 NODEC super computer is capable of reaching peak power of 100 mega flops. Param promises the creating of a seamless computing platform for super computing at an affordable price in the international context.

India recognized the importance of atomic energy quite early and the Atomic Energy Commission was set up in August 1948 to look after atomic energy activities in the country. India today is the seventh country in the world and the first developing nation to have the distinction of mastering fast breeder technology.

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is responsible for the planning, execution and management of space research activities. The ISRO, which has its head quarters in Bangalore, provides rockets and laboratory facilities to scientists belonging to different organizations in India for conducting approved space science experiments. The Indian Remote Sensing Satellites have helped in extensive mapping of our natural resources and voluminous data generated through these are used in a variety of fields. Even the developed countries including the U.S. have started buying the data collected by the IRS. It is a matter of pride that India became the 14th nation in the world on April 3, 1984 to have sent a man into space. Rakesh Sharma, was India’s first man in space. Similarly, Dr. Kalpana Chawla, an Indian American woman became the first Indian woman to go into the space on November 19, 1997 on a 16 day mission on NASA, Columbia shuttle as a Mission Specialist of study the outer atmosphere of the Sun. Unfortunately, she died on a latter mission on her return to earth.

Technology is used as a tool to give India a competitive position in the new global economy. For example, Indian exports today derive their comparative advantage through resources and labor rather than differentiation and, technology. Therefore, major thrust is being given to increasing India’s share in high-tech products, deriving value from technology – led exports and export of technology. Full articulation of research is being given into various policies and programmed covering economics, energy and other socioeconomic sectors.

Sam James is a freelance writer and has written content for several web & print media projects.
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